Faith

The Mirror of Simple Souls

the mirror of simple souls
Marguerite Porete's dialogue of the annihilated soul, condemned as heresy, burned with its author in 1310, and preserved by the mystics it inspired.
Documented

Porete and the fire

Marguerite Porete was burned at the stake in Paris on June 1, 1310, for refusing to retract The Mirror of Simple Souls, a dialogue in which the soul passes through seven states to annihilation in God, beyond the virtues and the Church's mediation. The book circulated anonymously in French, Latin, Italian, and English for centuries; scholarship reconnected it to Porete only in 1946 through Romana Guarnieri's identification. The trial record survives in the Archives Nationales, Paris.

Assessment: Documented: trial 1310, attribution restored 1946.
Stories

The free spirit heresy

The Church classified Porete with the Brethren of the Free Spirit, a loose target more than an organized sect; historians still debate whether such a movement existed or was an inquisitorial construct. The Mirror's claim that the annihilated soul 'takes leave of the virtues' was exactly the sentence the fire was for.

Assessment: A book executed for the doctrine that it no longer needed the court that executed it.
Interesting claims

Annihilation as grammar

Porete's radicalism is linguistic: the soul's final state cannot be spoken in the language of will, virtue, or church, so the book is written as a dialogue whose purpose is to exhaust its own speakers. It is the via negativa pushed until the negative itself dissolves.

Assessment: A theology that ends by resigning from theology.
Sources and further reading
  1. Marguerite Porete, The Mirror of Simple Souls, c. 1300; trial and execution, Paris, June 1, 1310 (Archives Nationales, J 428)
  2. Romana Guarnieri, attribution of the Mirror to Porete, 1946 (Archivio italiano per la storia della pieta)
  3. Robert E. Lerner, The Heresy of the Free Spirit in the Later Middle Ages, 1972
Worth asking

If the soul that no longer wills is free, what is left to save?

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