Beliefs

The Ant People

Anu Sinom, the landlords of the underworld
The beings who sheltered the Hopi underground while the world burned, twice: the Ant People of the First and Second World destructions.
Documented

The printed refuge

Book of the Hopi (Waters, 1963) gives the cycle: Taiowa commands Sotuknang to end the First World, Tokpela, by fire, volcanoes opened from above and below, until all was one element. The survivors are already safe inside the womb of the Earth, guests of the Ant People. The Second World, Tokpa, ends in ice; the same refuge repeats. An etiological tag explains the ant's thin waist: they starved themselves to feed their guests.

Assessment: Documented as text: the narrative exists in the 1963 book; the worlds, the god, and the refuge are all on the page.
Stories

The name game

Fringe television and print fused Anu Sinom with the Anunnaki, the Sumerian sky gods, on the strength of four letters. The resemblance is phonetic, the languages are unrelated, and the Sumerian side has its own file in this archive. A second modern reading notes an ant's head resembles a gas mask and recasts the caves as bunkers.

Assessment: Stories: a coincidence of consonants promoted to a conspiracy.
Interesting claims

The sourcing question

Courlander's The Fourth World of the Hopis (1971) and the Malotki-Lomatuway'ma collections record emergence and world-destruction cycles from named Hopi narrators, so the cycle is not Waters' invention. But the archive's Book of the Hopi card records the dispute: the Hopi Cultural Preservation Office noted that elders listed as sources said they never spoke to Waters. How much of the Ant People cycle is his redaction remains the open question.

Assessment: Interesting claims: the myth is real Hopi material; this polished version of it has one editor.
Sources and further reading
  1. Frank Waters with Oswald White Bear Fredericks, Book of the Hopi (1963), the Tokpela fire and Tokpa ice destructions and the Anu Sinom refuge
  2. Harold Courlander, The Fourth World of the Hopis (1971), world-cycle narratives from named Hopi narrators
  3. Ekkehart Malotki and Michael Lomatuway'ma, Hopi oral tradition collections, University of Nebraska Press
  4. Ancient Aliens (2010) and fringe print on the Anu Sinom / Anunnaki resemblance, claim noted as circulated
  5. Hopi Tribe Cultural Preservation Office correspondence on Book of the Hopi sourcing, via Indian Country Today reporting
Worth asking

Twice the world ended and twice the survivors moved in with insects; what is a refuge story doing inside a destruction story, and why does every desert culture keep one?

Open in the interactive archive
GR8YFILES · competing origin stories, labeled by the strength of their evidence · readers 14+