Words

Infinity

in-FIN-ih-tee
The unbounded; its symbol, the lemniscate, introduced by John Wallis in 1655 for reasons he never explained.
Documented

Esto enim nota numeri infiniti

In De sectionibus conicis, 1655, Wallis wrote let this be the sign of an infinite number and used a sideways eight, then reused it through his Arithmetica Infinitorum. He left no rationale. Candidates: the Roman numeral for 1,000, CIƆ, which doubled as many, attested on a hand abacus in Paris; or lowercase omega, the alphabet's last letter, a standing metaphor for the ultimate. Euler later used an open variant for absolute infinity. Bernoulli had named the curve lemniscate, ribbon, decades earlier, for a different shape entirely.

Assessment: Wallis's usage is documented, his reasoning is not. Every origin story is conjecture, and the sources say so.
Stories

The alchemists had it first

The tilted eight appears in alchemical usage before Wallis, standing for eternity, and rode tarot's Magician card into the twentieth century as a spiritual icon before the jewelry industry adopted it wholesale. One lineage even claims the infinity sign derives from a double-looped ouroboros, the serpent looped once before eating its tail. Mathematics borrowed a symbol the mystics had already worn out, and the mystics promptly borrowed it back.

Assessment: The alchemical prehistory is documented; the ouroboros derivation is one conjecture among several, filed as such.
Interesting claims

The most successful unexplained symbol

The claim: infinity's mark conquered because its author left it blank, a symbol with no documented meaning is infinitely assignable, and Wallis's silence functions like the symbol itself: unbounded. Verdict: compare the peace sign, whose designer explained everything and lost control anyway, and the swastika, whose meaning was fixed and then stolen. Meaning is always assigned by the loudest later user. Wallis just made the assignment easy by dying quiet.

Assessment: undefined
Sources and further reading
  1. Wallis, De sectionibus conicis (1655)
  2. Cajori, A History of Mathematical Notations
  3. Humez, Zero to Lazy Eight
  4. Menninger, Number Words and Number Symbols, the abacus CIƆ
Worth asking

If the symbol's origin is a blank, what are all the necklaces actually citing?

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GR8YFILES · competing origin stories, labeled by the strength of their evidence · readers 14+